Taking
only memories, leaving only footprints
Tourism,
on the other hand, sometimes leads to the erosion of traditional
values and encourages certain undesirable practices. The
adverse effects of tourism development could be minimized
if the growth of tourism is properly planned and controlled.
It is therefore of the utmost importance that Government
plan and develop tourism carefully so that the benefits
can be optimized without creating social and environmental
problems. This is ecotourism.
It
is also important that efforts should be made to ensure
that tourism would contribute to overall economic development
by alleviating poverty, creating jobs and stimulating development
in local communities.
Ecotourism
has been directly linked to the greater prospects for sound
and sustainable tourism development, with strong possibilities
for appropriate local participation and shared responsibility
for preserving the environment, the cultural heritage and
people’s way of life.
Myanmar is endowed with diverse cultural heritage, abundant
natural resources and unspoiled environment. Ecotourism
could therefore provide considerable opportunities for future
tourism development in Myanmar. Tourism is world’s
largest industry with an enormous potential for further
growth. Over 10% of G.D.P globally is directly related to
tourism activities.
As
defined by the Ecotourism Society (1992), ecotourism is
“purposeful travel to natural
areas to understand the cultural and natural history of
the environment, taking care not to alter the integrity
of the ecosystem, while producing economic opportunities
that make the conservation of natural resources financially
beneficial to local citizens.” Eco –
tourism is also “tourism that
involves education and interpretation of the natural and
cultural environment and is managed to be ecologically sustainable.”
Eco
– tourism or ecology
“Eco” in Greek
means, “home”,
which we can consider as our “
Home environment” which includes all our social,
cultural etc. environment. When we receive visitors into
our home we show them around and are a good host to them,
but we don’t hide ourselves somewhere and let the
visitor “fend for himself”.
The same concept can be applied to tourism/ ecotourism when
tourists visit our place, our village, and our town. It
is the community members that show their village or town
– their “home” – to the visitor,
and do not let them wander about alone or by someone else.
Ecotourism as sustainable tourism “helps
the present generation meet its own needs without compromising
the ability of future generation to meet theirs.”
Instead of manipulating the environment to accommodate visitors,
sustainable tourism accommodates itself to available resources.
It aims to achieve a balanced growth of the destination
economically, socially, ecologically and culturally.
Tourism
in Myanmar had been established essentially on cultural,
historical and religious attractions in the past. Promoting
Ecotourism in the country has not been long ago. The Ministry
of Forestry initiated in 1995 by declaring to open up 15
nature reserves and wildlife centuries for Ecotourism Developments.
National Ecotourism can be defined as “ Environmentally
responsible travel and visitation to relatively undisturbed
natural areas, in order to enjoy and appreciate nature (and
any accompanying cultural features, both past and present),
that promotes conservation, has low visitor impact, and
provides for beneficially active socio-economic involvement
of local population”. From that definition the key
elements will be
-
That it is tourism, based on nature and culture
- That it is low impact, dispersed,
in relatively undisturbed areas;
- That it emphasizes economic
opportunities for local people
You
should know that an ecotourism plan needs the following.
1) One
component in broadening the attraction base of the country.
2) Targeted
at special interest groups rather that the general tourist
market,
3) To
inform visitors about Myanmar’s rich natural and cultural
heritage
4) To
provide a rewarding experience,
5) To
ensure that a significant proportion of socio – economic
benefits reach local communities.
You
should know in appropriate tourism development can degrade
a prime natural area
also ecotourism brings a number of socio – economic
benefits through appropriate management structures. The
ecotourism plan is a follow – up to the National Conservation
Strategy study. It is based on discussions with all sectors
involved – government, businesses, customers and local
residents.
Eco-tourism
is interrelationship between ecotourism, natural environment
and the local community while providing sustainable non-consumptive
use values derived from the indirect benefits of forest-based
nature tourism. The people at the local level have been
urged to conserve their natural environment and cultural
identity.
Ecotourism
has been perceived and defined with different concepts by
many tourism experts. The concepts need to be clarified
and identified by ensuring that ecotourism is a sustainable
form of land use which contributes to environmental conservation
while providing accrued socio – economic benefits
to the indigenous people through non consumptive use of
the indirect values of the natural biological resources.
Ecotourism is an economically viable industry at the national
and local levels. The accrued benefits derived from ecotourism
will have positive social and economic impacts on the local
community through employment opportunities and educational
and health care programmes. Thus, ecotourism functions as
an instrument to mobilize the forest dwellers to cooperate
and work with the park managers to protect and conserve
the biological resources which have been traditionally used
by them since the time immemorial.
Forest
based ecotourism in the form of non-consumptive use value,
protects the fragile forest ecosystems and wildlife habitats
and watershed areas. Forests not harvested as productive
use value outweigh the revenue generated from the physical
exploitation of forests and they provide betterment of climate,
purification of water and air, storage, supply of fresh
water, flood control, biodiversity conservation, tourism,
local community development and services for the present
as well as posterity.
Growing
tourism has become one of the world’s potentially
largest industry and it contributes substantial income to
national and local economic scenarios of Asian countries.
However, mass tourism can cause environmental crisis and
local cultural pollution. But forest based ecotourism managed
with appropriate and prudent conservation measures will
safeguard nature.
Ecotourism,
the non-consumptive use value of the forests and wildlife
can offer a viable economy for the country. The revenue
earned from one hectare of wildlife sanctuary in Kenya gives
many times the optimistic projected return from agriculture
(Western, 1984). Ecotourism creates employment opportunities
for the local community without detriment to the traditional
social and cultural life of the indigenous people who have
been living in and around the forest in harmony with nature.
There is much evidence that the economic benefits derived
from forest-based ecotourism surpass the revenue earned
from timber harvest.
Ecotourism
– an integral part of the Protected Areas System
Myanmar’s richness of a diverse array of species and
ecosystems constitute one of the biological reservoirs in
Asia. The land area of Myanmar, 261,228 sq. miles (676,577
sq. kilometres) extending from latitude 10N to 28N and longitude
92E to 102E from a land corridor linking the Indian, Indo
– Chinese and Sundial sub-bio geographical regions.
Year round, snow-covered Hkakaborazi mountain (6096 m) is
the unique geophysical landmark in the Hindu – Kush
–Himalayan region of Myanmar. Marine and terrestrial
ecosystems containing mosaic coral reefs, mangrove forests
and rain forests offer a degree of choice for the establishment
of ecotourism sites. In these diversified ecosystems, with
approximately 7000 plants, 1071 endemic species have been
recorded. The presence of 1000 bird species (12% of world’s
total), 300 mammals, 360 reptiles indicate the unparalleled
richness of the biodiversity compared to any country with
a landmass equivalent to Myanmar. Sixty-eight kinds of swallow-
tail butterflies, representing 12% of the world total, make
it the fifth richest country in the world. With environmentally
benign forest development programs, Myanmar could avoid
natural calamity by the application of healthy forest conservation
measures.
It
is imperative to allow the indigenous people living in and
around the forest area the use of biological resources of
the forests. Protected area management will be successful
only when local people see that the accrued socio –economic
output generated from ecotourism are shared equitably. People
participation in the long term wills a play a key role in
forest and biodiversity conservation. A defined policy on
a people participatory approach will ensure the involvement
of local people in the protection of biological resources.
Law enforcement and policing natural resources with guards
will not be successful if it lacks effective institutional
support from the people. Renewable natural resources law
will fail if they do not match the socio – economic
reality of the local community. We must be aware of the
negative impact of the development and planning of ecotourism
sites, particularly on local culture and environment in
protected areas.
Sustainable
ecotourism is to manage the natural areas without impairing
the environment of the area concerned and to also sustain
the monetary returns and employment. The general concept
of ecotourism is to restrict the number of visitors within
the carrying capacity of the ecotourism site. Ecotourism
management plan has to be developed to strike a balance
between the degree of recreational activities and sustainable
carrying capacity of the park. The allowable tourism level
at such areas will vary with the tolerant sensitivity of
the type of forests and its environment. In short, it is
imperative to plan and implement ecotourism to conform with
the objective, which is to prevent and minimize the irreversible
damage to the naturalness of the park. Myanmar tourism development
will be undertaken with environmental conscientiousness
to avoid negative impact on the natural wilderness area
of the parks and the culture of the local community.
Myanmar’s
richness in biodiversity and unique bio geographical features
constitute an ecological island and it will serve as a genetic
reservoir in Asia. The diverse array of biological resources
offer an unmatched opportunity to establish a network of
protected areas for the protection and preservation of critical
species and ecosystems, which are the source of ecotourism.
The enchanting and splendid scenic views and the richness
of flora and fauna will serve a variety of purposes giving
aesthetic, cultural, economic and ecological benefits. Thus,
forest based ecotourism will be the integrated scenario
in the development of protected areas and it will contribute
substantial income to the local community.
LOCATION
MAP OF ECOTOURISM SITES IN MYANMAR
|
1.Hlawga
Park
2.Moeyingyi
Wetland Wildlife Sanctuary
3.Meinmahla
Kyun Wildlife Sanctuary
4.Inlay
Lake (wetland) Sanctuary
5.Shwesettaw
Wildlife Sanctuary
6.Popa
Mountain Park
7.Alaungdaw
Kathapa National Park
8.Chattin
Wildlife Sanctuary
9.Nat
Ma Taung National Park
10.National
Botanical Gardens
11.Kakaboraxi
National Park
12.Sein-ye
Forest Camp
13.Yangon
Zoological Garden
14.Indawgyi
Lake Wildlife Sanctuary
15.Myaing
Hay Wun Elephant Camp |
(1) Hlawga Park (Mingaladon
Township, Yangon Division)
- Studying of wild fauna of Myanmar in miniature-zoo and
some carnivores in nature.
- Watching 165 species of residential and waterfowls and
25 species of migratory birds.
- Observing (50) species of Myanma butterfly.
- Studying mixed – deciduous and evergreen forest
types.
- Observing at Environmental Education Center.
- 22 miles by car from Yangon
- Open between 8:00 am to 4:00 pm except Monday. No permit
for night stay.
- Capacity – 15 persons, Electricity – Yes,
Water – Yes, Standard – Ordinary
(2)
Moeyingyi Wetland Sanctuary
(Bago Township, Bago Division)
-
Studying wetland ecosystem
- Studying and observation on 42 Species of residential
birds, 34 Species of migratory birds by motorboat and observing
birds from bird-watching tower.
- Observation on 26 Species of butterfly.
- Observation of breeding and inhabiting site of water birds.
- Easily accessible from Yangon City at 62 miles distance
by car
- Boathouse, Motorboat from Shwe – Yi – Win
Co. Ltd.
- Capacity – 9 persons, Electricity – Yes, Water
– Yes, Standard - Hotel
(3)
Meinmahla Kyun Wildlife Sanctuary
(Bogalay Township Ayeyarwaddy
Division)
-
Studying on mangrove ecosystem
- Observing estuarine crocodiles, otters, other mammals,
aquatic biology and 40 species of shore birds, 12 species
of butterfly.
- Chances of sighting Ayeyarwaddy dolphins.
- Enjoys the beauty of sunset in the sea
- Yangon to Bogalay is 90 miles by boat
- Yangon – Daydaye Hpyarpon 90 miles by road
- Yangon to Bogalay is (90) miles by boat, Yangon –
Daydaye – Hpyarpon (90) miles by road
- Capacity – 1 rest house at Bogalay, 3 camp sites
on the island, with facilities for 21 visitors; Electricity
– Yes, Water – Yes, Standard – Ordinary
(4)
Inlay Lake (Wetland) Sanctuary
(Nyaung Shwe Township, Hpegon Township, Southern Shan
State)
- Observation on worldwide famous wetland ecosystem of Inlay.
- Enjoying scenic beauty of Shan plateau
- Observation and studying on traditional style of leg-rowers
- Observation on floating agriculture practiced by local
dwellers.
- Observation migratory birds. 65 Species of water birds
and other aquatic
plants and animals and 15 Species of butterfly.
- Visiting historical Phaung – Daw – Oo Pagoda
and Buddhist culture
- Yangon to Nyaung Shwe (417) miles by car
- Yangon via He-hoe by air and to Inlay by car
- Capacity – 5 persons, Electricity – Yes, Water
– Yes, Standard - Ordinary
(5)
Shwesettaw Wildlife Sanctuary
(Minbu District, Magwe Division)
-
Studying and observation at Brow-antlered deer. Star Tortoise
and other wild animals. (51) Species of residential birds
and (40) Species of butterfly.
- Observation of Dry Zone ecosystem and Than-Dahat forests.
- Visiting historically famous Shwesettaw Pagoda.
- Recreation
- 400 miles by car from Yangon
- Guest House (Dept-1), Guest House (FREDA-1)
- Capacity – 20 persons, Electricity – Yes,
Water – Yes, Standard - Ordinary
(6)
Popa Mountain Park
(Kyaukpadaung Township, Mandalay
Division)
There
are probably only a handful of locations in the world where
it is possible to explore five forest ecosystems all within
five-kilometre walk.
-
It is possible to explore: 1) Evergreen forest, 2) Upper
mixed deciduous forest, 3) Lower mixed deciduous forest,
4) Scrub Indading forest.5) Dry hill forest and 6) Grass
land, Tree species number 300 and medicinal plants 150.Observing
of dry zone ecosystem, natural hill forest and scenic beauty
- Studying geomorphological features and extinct volcano
and Volcanic Plug.
- Studying traditional culture and worships.
- Study and research of wild fauna such as leopard, barking
deer, civets, dusky leaf monkey and (175) Species of residential
birds. (30) Species of butterfly.
- Observing plantation of medicinal plants.
- Visiting at Environmental Education Center.
- 410 miles from Yangon by car or train via Nyaung U to
Popa 35 miles
- Capacity – 100 persons, Electricity – Yes,
Water – Yes, Standard - Hotel
(7)
Alaung Daw Kathapa National Park
(Yinmabin
Township, Kani Township, Minking Township, Sagaing Division)
-
Studying several types of natural forests
- Observation on wild animals, (60) Species of residential
birds and (50) Species of butterfly
- Visiting historically famous Alaung Daw Kathapa Shrine
and Cave.
- Enjoying natural scenic beauty and out camping.
- Yangon via Mandalay to Monywa-Yinmabin 580 miles by car/train/air
- Capacity – 30 persons, Electricity – Yes,
Water – Yes, Standard - Ordinary
(8) Chatthin
Wildlife Sanctuary (Kanbalu
Township, Sagaing Division) 
-
Studying Brow-antelered deers and their habitats.
- Studying dry zone ecosystem, Upper mixed Deciduous and
Indaing forests.
- Research center for various Species of wild animals, (50)
Species of waterfowls, (50) Species of butterfly.
- Recreation
- Yangon via Mandalay to Chatthin 502 miles by train.
- Yangon via Mandalay to Shwebo and then Chatthin 577 miles
by car.
- Capacity – 8 persons, Electricity – Yes, Water
– Yes, Standard - Ordinary
(9)
Nat Ma Taung National Park
(Kanpet-Let, Mindut, Matupi Township
of Chin State)
- Experiencing hiking on the high mountain and attractive
scenes
- Observing rare wild mammals (i.e. guar, serow and gorals)
- Attractive 202 residential birds species including 5 endemic
species
- Orchid tour on peculiar and attractive species of Chin
Hills
- Tradition and culture of Chin Ethnic groups.
- Yangon – Bagan - Nyaung Oo 320 miles by Flight.
Nyaung Oo – Chauk – Seikpyu – Hsaw –
Kanpetlet 93 miles by car.
- Capacity – a guest house for 5 persons, Electricity
– Yes, Water – Yes,
Standard - Ordinary
(10) National
Kandawgyi Garden (Pyin
Oo Lwin Township of Mandalay Division)
-
Research center for botanical research
- Recreation
- Observation on hardwood species, bamboos, orchids and
medicinal plants from various parts of Myanmar and attractive
exotic collection
- Yangon via Mandalay to Pyin Oo Lwin (472) miles by car/
train/ air
- Still building 6 chalets, each with (2) bed rooms
- Capacity – 12 persons, Electricity – Yes,
Water – Yes, Standard - Hotel
(11)
Hkakaborazi National Park
(Naungmung Township of Kachin
State)
-
Hiking Snow-Capped Mountains at the highest peak.
- Visiting the starting point of the Ayeyarwaddy and observing
its natural environment
- Observation on evergreen and riverine forests and wildlife
existing, 180 species of the birds and 369 species of butterfly.
- Studying on tradition and culture of Kachin Hill tribes,
i.e. Rawang, Lisu and
Tibet – Myanmar
- Studying endemic leaf deer
- Observing rare mammals, medicinal plants, orchids and
attractive butterflies.
- Yangon to Putao by flight
- In house guest – Nil, Electricity – No, Water
– No.
(12)
Sein – Ye Forest Camp
(Bago – Yoma crossing) (Oak
twin Township of Bago Division)
-
Observing natural Teak forest on Bago Yoma
- Observing various types of deciduous forest, which inhabit
numerous tree species, orchids, wild animals and insects.
- Studying the elephant logging
- Yangon to Oak Twin 166 miles by car and Oak twin to Sein-Ye
Camp (20) miles by car for crossing Bago Yoma.
- Hotel standard log – cabins for Ecotourism
- Capacity – 32 persons, Electricity – Yes,
Water – Yes, Standard – Hotel Standard
(13)
Yangon Zoological Garden
(Mingalar Taung Nyunt Township of Yangon Division)
-
Studying various wildlife species and birds
- Studying Zoology and Botany
- Recreation
- Elephant Rides
- Horse cart, snake and elephant shows on weekend and Public
holidays
- In house guest – Nil, Electricity – No, Water
– No.
(14) Inndawgyi Lake Wildlife Sanctuary
(Mohnyin Township of Kachin State)
-
Studying residential and migratory waterfowls, rare species
of fishes, aquatic biology, butterflies and insects.
- Opportunities to visit the largest inland lake of South-East
Asia and its attractive habitats.
- Yangon – Mohnyin (700) miles. Mohnyin – Hopin
(45) miles. Hopin to lontene village (27) miles
- In house guest – Nil, Electricity – No, Water
– No.
(15) Myaing Hay Wun Elephant Camp
(Taikkyi Township Yangon Division)
-
Studying on Fishes and aquatic biology
- Recreation and fishing
- Visiting Pyinkadoe plantation
- Wild elephants capturing techniques and training
- Yangon to Myaing Hay Wun (75) miles by car
- In house guest – Nil, Electricity – No, Water
– No.
Myanmar
Tourism Statistics
(2001-2002)
TOURIST
ARRIVALS FROM YANGON ENTRY POINT
(Including tourist Arrival through
Border entry points to Yangon)
Month |
2000-2001 |
2001-2002 |
% |
April |
16502 |
15682 |
95.03% |
May |
12743 |
12400 |
97.31% |
June |
12068 |
11638 |
96.44% |
July |
14197 |
14830 |
104.36% |
August |
15465 |
15466 |
100.00% |
September |
12517 |
11876 |
94.88% |
October |
18131 |
15887 |
87.62% |
November |
22096 |
20027 |
90.64% |
December |
22964 |
21899 |
95.36% |
January |
22357 |
21546 |
96.37% |
February |
22127 |
22056 |
99.68% |
March |
18912 |
21779 |
115.70% |
Total |
21079 |
205086 |
97.62% |
Total Visitor Arrivals
| |
2000-2001 |
2001-2002 |
North
Eastern Region
Eastern region
South Eastern Region 37842
|
37842
33453
155994 |
36976
75178
169424 |
Total
|
227289 |
281578 |
Grand
Total |
438480 |
488456 |
GENERATING
COUNTRIES
Country
|
2001-2002 |
% |
NORTH
AMERICA
Canada
America
LATIN AMERICA
WEST EUROPE
Austria
Belgium
France
Germany
Italy
Switzerland
U.K
Spain
Others
EAST EUROPE
Russia
Others
AFRICA
MIDDLE
EAST
ASIA
H.K
Japan
Malaysia
Singapore
Thailand
China
Taiwan
Korea
Bangladesh
India
Others
OCEANIA
Australia
New Zealand |
14831
2334
12497
761
56664
2138
2415
12650
12050
5873
4114
8712
3327
5385
1686
489
1197
395
1772
125578
1345
20253
11544
10293
18566
17348
24996
7762
1285
5447
6739
5191
4510
681 |
7.1
1.1
6.0
0.4
27.4
1.0
1.2
6.1
5.8
2.9
2.0
4.2
1.6
2.6
0.8
0.2
0.6
0.2
0.9
60.7
0.6
9.8
5.6
5.0
9.0
8.4
12.1
3.7
0.6
2.6
3.3
2.5
2.2
0.3 |
TOTAL |
206878 |
100 |
TOURIST
ARRIVALS BY SPECIAL TOURS
Cruise
Ships
Year
|
No.
of Cruises |
No.
of Pax |
1998-1999
1999-2000
2000-2001
2001-2002 |
8
5
7
7 |
1965
1175
3759
1511 |
Special
Charter Flight Tours
Year |
No.
of Cruises |
No.
of Pax |
2000-2001
2001-2002 |
5
9 |
429
575 |
Hot
Air Balloon Tours
Year |
No.
of Cruises |
No.
of Pax |
2000-2001
2001-2002 |
1
1 |
28
34 |
Yachting
Tours
Year |
No.
of Cruises |
No.
of Pax |
1998-1999
1999-2000
2000-2001
2001-2002 |
|
1732
1460
1485
1735 |
TYPES
OF TOURIST
35
% Package Tour Groups
25 % Foreign Independent Travellers
18 % Business Travellers
4 % Visit Friends and Relatives
18 % Others
TOURIST
ARRIVALS BY GENDER GROUP
35 % Female
Foreign
Investment in Hotels & Commercial Complex (Up to March
2002)
| Sr. |
Projects
|
Rooms |
Investment
US$ (M) |
Remarks |
| 1 |
26 |
4439 |
602 |
Completed |
| 2 |
14 |
3176 |
633 |
Under
Constrution |
| |
40 |
7615 |
1235 |
|
Licensed
Tour Companies
|
Foreign Company |
1 |
| J.V
Company |
14 |
| Local
Company |
553 |
Total |
568 |
Licensed
Tourist Transportation
Coach |
74 |
Mini
bus |
19 |
Local
Company |
47 |
Saloon |
25 |
Motor
Boat |
198 |
Boat |
2 |
Yacht |
34 |
Hot
Air Balloon |
1 |
Total |
400 |
Licensed
Tour Guide
(a)
English 3853
(b) Japanese 710
(c) French 252
(d) Chinese 304
(e) Thai 128
(f) German 135
(g) Russian 26
(h) Italian 25
(i) Korean 9
Total
5442
FAST
FACTS
Area
676,577 Square Kilometres
Time
UTC (GMT) + 6.5 Hours
People
Myanmar
has a population of 51 million. The major racial groups
are Myanmar, Kachin, Kayah, Karen, Chin, Mon, Mon, Rakhine
and Shan.
Language
Myanmar
is the official language but English is widely used.
Religion
The
majority of the people of Myanmar are Theravada Buddhists.
There are also Christians, Muslims and Hindus.
Currency
The
local currency is the “Kyat” which is divided
into 100 pyas, Kyat Notes are issued in denomination of
1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 50, 90, 100, 200, 500 and 1000.
Business
Hours
Banks:
09:30 ~15:00 (Mon ~ Fri)
Offices: 09:30 ~16:30 (Mon ~ Fri)
Airport
Tax
10
US$
Electricity
220/230
V (AC, 50 Hz)
Country
Code
095
What
to Wear
Light
cotton – wears and casual clothing are recommended
all year round. A light sweater or jacket will be useful
when travelling in hilly areas.
Passport
and Visa
Valid
Passport and Visa are required for all tourists. Visa on
arrival is available for package Tourists with prior –
arrangement. Tourist Visa is valid for 28 days and extendable
for another 14 days.
Customs
Foreign
currencies (above US$ 2000), jewelleries, and electrical
goods must be declared to the customs at the Airport.
Exports of antiques and archaeologically valuable items
are prohibited.
Foreign
Exchange
Foreign
Independent Tourists are required to exchange US$ 200 for
Foreign Exchange Certificates (FEC) which are accepted by
hotels, airlines, taxis, gems shops, etc.
Only Visitors carrying over US$ 2000 need to declare on
arrival.
American Express and Visa Credit Cards are accepted at major
hotels and some restaurants.
Hotels/
Motels/ Guest Houses in Myanmar
| Sr. |
Place |
Numbers
|
Rooms |
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
|
Aungpan
Bagan
Bago
Bhamaw
Chaungtha
Dawei
Hpa-an
Kalay
Kalaw
Kawthaung
Kyaikhto
Kyaingtong
Kyaukpadaung
Kyukok
Kwanchankone
Lashio
Loikaw
Magway
Mandalay
Mawlamyine
Meiktila
Mogok
Monywa
Mrauk – U
Muse
Myitkyina
Ngapali
Nyaung Shwe
Pathein
Pindaya
Pyay
Pyinmana
Pyin Oo Lwin
Sagaing
Shwe Nyaung
Sittway
Tachileik
Taunggyi
Taungoo
Thar Zi
Thibaw
Yangon
|
2
84
10
1
13
2
1
1
16
3
6
10
1
1
1
5
1
1
65
6
5
1
3
5
7
6
5
37
4
5
12
1
16
1
1
4
9
12
6
3
3
151
|
38
1680
251
42
338
54
21
40
273
291
149
268
14
44
30
160
24
14
2548
114
98
11
51
66
255
122
183
711
90
152
141
25
241
11
16
74
292
395
77
32
35
6324 |
| |
Total |
527 |
15795 |
Load
Factor of Airlines (2001-2002)
| Sr. |
Destination |
No.
of Flights |
Seat
Capacity |
Occupied
Seats |
Percentage
(%) |
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
|
BKK
– YGN
CHIANGMAI – YGN
SINGAPORE – YGN
KUALALUMPUR – YGN
KUNMING – YGN
DHAKA – YGN
CALCUTTA – YGN
TAIPEI – YGN
CHIANGMAI - MDY
|
1343
62
571
208
104
53
103
210
52
|
262882
3596
71442
29221
13312
11713
14832
35280
3016
|
122870
1796
24550
11075
6751
1639
2620
22680
1383
|
46.73
%
49.94 %
34.36 %
37.90 %
50.71 %
13.99 %
17.66 %
64.28 %
45.85 %
|
| |
Total |
2706
|
445294
|
195364
|
43.86
% |
